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kingdom Monera

 kingdom Monera

most extensive metabolic diversity.
all prokaryotes - cellular organization

BACTERIA:

Name of group

  • Archaebacteria
  • Eubacteria
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Mycoplasma 
→Structure-very simple, behavior complex.
→Sale member of kingdom-monera.
→most abundant microorganisms.
E.g.-soilfull hand - having hundred of bacteria 

→ Everywhere extremely harsh habitat (desert, hot spring, snow, deep oceans) 'or' in(Endo) or on(Ecto) living organism

Endo + Ecto = Prasite(living organism)

→Rod (bacillus), Spherical(Coccus),Comma(Vibro), Spiral(Spirillus).
→Recycling of
          ↳Nitrogen(N)
          ↳Phosphorus(P)
          ↳Iron(Fe)
          ↳Sulpher(S)
→Some are pathogens to human beings pets, crops, farm animals
E.g. Cholera = Vibro cholera
       Tetanus = Clostridium tetani
       Typhoid=Salmonella typhi
       Citrus canker = Xanthomonas citri
→Divide by fussion/amitosis.
→Sort(Primitive) of sexual reproduction ⇒ By adopting the transfer of DNA from one bacteria to another (Conjugation).                                                                                   
                                                                                     
→Under unfavorable condition
                ⇓
         Produce Spares
→milk  ⟶ Crud
→Production of antibiotics
→Nitrogen(N2 ) - fixation in legumes.

(A). Eubacteria 'or' True Bacteria :

→ If motile-flagellum
→Cell wall, Cell membrane.

(B). Cyanobacteria/Blue-green algae(BGA) :

→1st oxygenic photosynthesis.
→Photosynthesis (Autotrophs).
→ Photosynthesis Pigment = chl-a,b=Similar to higher plants.
→Aquatic(fresh+marine) habitat, terrestrial.
→Unicellular(Spirulina)⇒most proteinaceous prokaryotes.
→Colonial(Anabaena,Microcystis) Filamentous(Oscillatoria)
→Water Bloom formation in polluted water bodies.
→heterocyst(Nostoc, Anabaena)=Specialised cells Non-green Non-photosynthesis thick cell walled 
→atm.N2(fixation)-------------->NH3 (Reduction)

(C). Mycoplasm:

→PPLO=Pleuropneumonia like an organism.
→Smallest cell
→cell wall
→3-layered cell membrane.
→Pathogenic for plants & animals
→Can survive without O2 ⇨ Facultative anaerobe

(D). Archaebacteria

→oldest living fossile/ ancient group of bacteria 
→Cell wall - Complex polysaccharide
→Cell membrane - Branched-chain of lipids
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