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Lichens,Prions, Viroids ,Viruses

Lichens 

 
Image result for lichens
ALGAE  + FUNGI
ALGAE : -
Phycobiont
chloroplast chlorophyll
synthesis their own food =  autotrophs
prepare / provide food for fungi .

 FUNGI :-
mycobiont 
Heterotrops
absorptive mode 
provide shelter & absorption of water & minerals from soil .

algae + fungi → ( symbiosis relationship )
* mutualism
* pollination indicator - lichens do not grow in polluted area    

Prions

                                        Image result for Prions
Size = similar to viruses .
infectious proteinaceous agent 
 Proteinaceous  = protein only 
Acellular / non-cellular 
pathogenic → nerogenic disease causing  (Cattle & Human ) 
 nerogenic disease causing :-
Cattels → mad cow disease or BSE =  Bovine spongiform encephalopthy 
 Human Cr JD ( J = jacob ,D =  disease )

 Viroids

Related image

 Viroids

                               
1971 = T.O. Diener
 Acellular / non-cellular 
infection free RNA 
infection = pathogenic disease causing  → potato spindle tuber  disease 
RNA = Low molecular wt. ,nucleic acid  

Viruses

Image result for ,Viruses
Viruses 
                              
                                Image result for ,Viruses

Viruses = means = venom ( poisonous fluid ) = pasteur .
Acellular / non-cellular 
Recognizes causal organism of mosaic  disease in tobacco
    ↳ D.J. Ivanowsky ( 1892 ) 
Viruses pass from bacteria proof filter i.e. viruses to be smaller then bacteria 
Contagium vivum fluidum → M.W.Beijerinek (1898 )
↳ ( infectious poisonous fluid )
W.M.Stanley ( 1935 ) = crystallization = nucleoprotein  
nucleo = nucleic acid (DNA or RNA ) both never present in viruses 
protein = Capsomere sub unit
Capsomere = Caspid / protein coat
pathogenic → disease causing → plant & Animals
plant disease = (Plants Viruses SS RNA )

  • Yellowing & vein clearing 
  • dwarfing & stunted growth 
  • mosaic formation
 Animals disease ⇒   (Animals Viruses SS RNA & ds  RAN ,ds DNA) 

  • Common cold 
  • AIDS 
  • SMALL POX 
  • MUMPS 
  • HERPS 
  • INFLUENZAE

Image result for Structure of Virus
INFLUENZAE
↪ Viruses that infect bacteria = Bacteriophage ds DNA
Viruses :↴
Mutation 
submicroscopic 
Host specific 
Acellular / non-cellular  organism
Inert crystalline structure outside living cell 
Connecting link b/w living & non living cell 
Hijack or overtake metabolism to it 
Intracellular  obligate parasite

Structure of Virus

                                Image result for Structure of Virus
Size order ⇒ Bacteria > virus = prions > viroids 

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